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Holism preffixes Meaning Examples Direction Hyper- over,above,excessive hypertension 高血压 Ab- from,away from abnormal 异常 Ad- to, toward,near adhesion 粘连 Peri- around,surrounding pericaridium 心包 Quality Mal- ill,bad,poor malnutrition 营养不良 Ant(i)- against antibacterial 抗菌 Hypo- deficient hypothyroid 甲减的 Quantity Bi- two bilateral 两侧的 Tri- three triamylose 葡萄三聚糖 Poly- many,much polycystic 多囊的 Type Aut(o)- self autologous 自体的 Bio- life biopsy 活组织检查 Phon(o)- sound,voice phonocardiography 心音描记术 Position Hypo- under,beneath hypodermic 皮下的 Post- after,behind postpartum 产后的 Pro- before,in front of procephalic 头前部的 Sub- under,below subcutaneous 皮下的 Retro- behind,backward retroversion 后倾症 Inter- between,among interscapular 肩胛间的 Ex- out (of),away from excision 切除 Intra- in,within intraoperative 手术中的 Intro- into introinjection 内向投射 Pre- before prepyloric 幽门前的 extra- outside (of） extravasation 外渗 The musculoskeletal system Prefixes Meaning Examples Ankyl(o)- crooked or stiff ankylotic 关节强硬地 Anthr(o)- joint(articulation) articular 关节的 Brachi(o)- arm brachium 肱 Cervic(o)- neck cervical 颈部的 Chondr(o)- cartilage chondral 软骨的 Cost(o)- rib intercostal 肋间的 Crani(o)- skull cranial 颅的 Dactyl(o)- digit(finger or toe) dactylomegaly巨蹼分离术 Fasci(o)- fascia(a band) faciodesis 筋膜固定术 Femor(o)- femur femoral 股骨的 Fibr(o)- fiber fibrous 纤维的 Kyph(o)- humpback kyphosis 驼背的 Lei(o)- smooth leiomyoma 平滑肌瘤 Lord(o)- bent lordosis 脊柱前弯症 Lumb(o)- loin(lower back) lumbar 腰的 Myel(o)- (bone) marrow myelitis 骨髓炎 My(o)- muscle myalgia 肌痛 Myos(o)- muscle myositis 肌炎 Musculo(o)- muscle muscular 肌的 Oste(o)- bone osteomyelitis 骨髓炎 Patell(o)- knee cap patellar 膝盖骨的 Pelv(i)- pelvic(cavity) pelvic 骨盆的 Radi(o)- radius radial 桡骨 Rhabd(o)- rod rhabdomyoma 横纹肌瘤 Sarc(o)- flesh sarcoma 肉瘤 Scoli(o)- twisted scoliosis 脊柱侧凸 Spondyl(o)- vertebra spondylitis 脊椎炎 Stern(o)- sternum(breastbone) sternocostal 胸肋的 Ten(o)- tendon(to stretch) tenodesis 肌腱固定术 Tendin(o)- tendon tendonitis 腱炎 Thorac(o)- chest thoracic 胸的 Ton(o)- tone or tension myotonia 肌强直 Uln(o)- ulna ulnar 尺骨的 Vertebr(o)- vertebra vertebral 椎骨的 The nervous system preffixes Meaning Examples Arthr(o)- articulation dysarthria 构音困难 Cerebell(o)- cerebellum（little brain) cerebellar 小脑的 Cerebr(o)- cereberum(largest part of brain) cerebrotomy脑切开术 Comat(o)- deep sleep comatose 昏迷 Crani(o)- skull cranium 头盖骨 Dur(o)- dura mater subdural 硬模下的 Encephal(o)- brain encephalasthenia 脑衰弱 Esthesi(o)- sensation hyperesthesia 感觉过敏 Gangli(o)- ganglion(knot) ganglioneuroma 神经节细胞瘤 Gli(o)- neuroglia gliomas 神经胶质瘤 Gnos(o)- knowing gnosis 灵知 Hypn(o)- sleep hypnosis 催眠状态 Lept(o)- thin,slender leptomeningitis 柔脑膜炎 Lex(o)- word or phase dyslexia 诵读困难 Mening(o)- menbranes meningocele 脑（脊）膜突出 Meningi(o)- meninges meningitis 脑膜炎 Narc(o)- stupor,sleep narcotic 麻醉药 Neur(o)- nerve neuralgia 神经痛 Phob(o)- exaggerated fear phobia 恐惧症 Phren(o)- mind schizophrenia 精神分裂症 Pont(o)- pons cerebellopontine 小脑脑桥 Psych(o)- mind psychotic 精神病 Radicul(o)- nerve foot radiculopathy 神经病根病 Schiz(o)- split schizoid 精神分裂症的 Somn(i)- sleep somnific 催眠的 Somat(o)- corps somatesthesia 躯体感觉 Spin(o)- spine(thorn) spinal 脊髓的 Tax(o)- order,coordination ataxia 共济失调 Thalam(o)- thalamus thalamic 丘脑的 Thec(o)- sheath intrathecal 鞘内的 Thym(o)- corps dysthymia 精神抑郁 Vag(o)- vagus nerve vagal 迷走神经的 The circulatory system preffixes Meaning Examples Angi(o)- vessel angiogram 心血管照影术 Aort(o)- aorta aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄 Arter(o)- artery arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 Ather(o)- fatty substance atheroma 动脉粥样化 Atrei(o)- heart chamber atrioventricular 房室的 Cardi(o)- heart cardiomegaly 心肥大 Coron(o)- crown coronary artery冠状动脉 Hem(o)- blood hemoglobin 血红蛋白 Hemat(o)- blood hematopericardium 心包积血 Pericardi(o)- pericardium pericardiocentesis 心包穿刺 Phleb(o)- vein phelbitis 静脉炎 Rhythm(o)- rhythm arrhythmia 心律不齐 Sphygm(o)- pulse sphygmomanometer 血压计 Steth(o)- chest stethoscope 听诊器 Thromb(o)- clot thrombolysis 血栓溶解 Valvul(o)- valve valvuloplasty 瓣膜成形术 Vas(o)- vessel vasoconstriction 血管收缩 Vascul(o)- vessel vascular 脉管的 Ven(o)- vein venous 静脉的 Ventricul(o)- lower heart chamber ventriculotomy 心室切开术 Cor(o)- circle or crown coronary 冠状的 Isch(o)- deficiency ischemia 局部缺血 Brady- slow bradycardia 心动过缓 Tachy- fast tachycardia 心动过速 Electr(o)- electricity electrocardiogram 心电图 The respiratory system preffixes Meaning Examples Alveoli(o)- alveolus,air sac alveolar 肺泡的 Bronch(o)- bronchus bronchodilation 支气管扩张 Bronchi(o)- bronchiole bronchiolitis 细支气管炎 Cyan(o)- blue cyanosis 发绀 Laryng(o)- larynx laryngospasm 喉痉挛 Lob(o)- lobe of lung lobectomy 叶切除术 Mediastin(o)- mediastinum mediastinoscopy 纵膈镜检查 Nas(o)- nose nasogastric 鼻胃的 Orth(o)- straight orthopnea 端坐呼吸 Ox(o)- oxygen hypoxia 缺氧 Pector(o)- chest expectoration 咳出 Pharyng(o)- pharynx pharyngeal 咽的 Phon(o)- voice dysphonia 发声困难 Phren(o)- diaphragm phrenic 膈的 Pleur(o）- pleura pleurotomy 胸膜切开术 Pneum(o)- lung,air pneumonia 肺炎 Pulm(o)- lung pulmometry 肺容量测定 Rhin(o)- nose rhinorrhea 鼻液溢 Sinus(o)- sinus sinusitis 鼻窦炎 Spir(o)- breathing spirometer 肺活量计 Thorac(o)- chest thoracotomy 胸廓切开术 Tonsil(o)- tonsils tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术 Trache(o)- trachea tracheospasm 气管痉挛 The Digestive Syestem preffixes Meaning Examples an(o)- anus transanal经肛的 cec(o)- cecum cecoptosis盲肠下垂 chol(o)- bile,gall cholelith 胆石 cholangi(o)- common bile duct cholangiogram胆管照影照片 choledoch(o)- bile duct choledochal胆总管的 cholecyst(o)- gallbladder cholecystalgia胆绞痛 col(o),colon(o)- colon colocentesis结肠穿刺术 duoden(o)- duodenum duodenoscopy十二指肠镜检查 enter(o)- intestine parenteral非肠道的 esophag(o)- esophagus esophageal食管的 gastr(o)- stomach gastroparesis胃轻瘫 hepat(o)- liver hepatocyte 肝细胞 ile(o)- ileum ileectomy 回肠切除术 jejun(o)- jejunum jejunotomy空肠切开术 labi(o)- lip libiodental唇齿的 lingu(o)- tongue sublingual舌下的 odont(o)- tooth,teeth odontolysis牙质溶解 or(o)- mouth perioral口周的 palat(o)- palate palatorrhaphy腭裂修复术 pharyng(o)- pharynx pharyngoglossal咽舌的 pancreat(o)- pancreas pancreatolysis胰组织破坏 proct(o)- rectum proctopexy直肠固定术 pylor/o- pylorus pylorostenosis幽门狭窄 rect(o)- retum rectocele直肠脱出 sigmoid(o)- sigmoid colon sigmoidoscope乙状结肠镜 stomo,stomat(o)- mouth stomoschisis口裂 The Urinary System Prefixes Meaning Examples Urin(o)- urine urinary 泌尿的 Nephr(o)- kidney nephritis肾炎 Ren(o)- kidney renal肾的 Ureter(o)- ureter ureterscopy输尿管造口术 Vesic(o)- bladder vesicorectal膀胱直肠的 Cyst(o)- bladder cystography膀胱照影术 Meat(o)- urethra meatoplasty尿道成形术 Urethr(o)- urethra urethral 尿道的 Erythr(o)- red erythrocyte红细胞 End(o)- inside endocellular细胞内的 Para- beside paranephric肾旁的 Peri- around perinephritis肾周炎 Pyel(o)- renal pelvis pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎 Pelvi- renal pelvis pelviscopy肾盂检查术 Glomerul(o)- glomerulus glomerulitis肾小球炎 The immune system Prefixes Meaning Examples Allerg(o)- oversensitivity allergen 变应原 Anaphylact(o)- anaphylaxis anaphylatoxin 过敏毒素 Antigen(o)- antigen antigenotherapy 抗原疗法 Cerebr(o)- brain cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的 Humor(o)- liquid humoralism 体液学说 Immun(o)- immunity immunology 免疫学 Lymph(o)- lymph lymphoma 淋巴瘤 Macr(o)- large macrocyte 巨红细胞 Malari- malaria malariology 疟疾学 Muc(o)- mucus mucoprotein 粘蛋白 Necr(o)- death necrosis 坏死 Parasit(o)- parasite parasitemia 寄生虫血症 Prot(o)- beginning protooncogene 原癌基因 Splen(o)- spleen spleenic 脾的 thyme（o)- thymus thymocyte 胸腺细胞 Psychology Preffixes Meaning Examples Anthrp(o)- human anthropotomy 人体解剖 Bio- life bioactivator 生物活性剂 Conduct(o)- conduction conductivity 传导性 Gen(o)- gene genecoversion基因转变 Hemo- blood hemocytoblast 成血细胞 Hidr(o)- sweating hidropoiesis 汗分泌 Hist(o)- tissue histochemistry组织化学 Humor(o)- liquid humorism 体液学说 Hypn(o)- sleep hypnotherapy 催眠疗法 Lacrim(o)- tear lacrimotomy 泪囊切开术 Lact(o)- milk lactation 哺乳 Matur- maturation maturity 成熟 Nutri(o)- nutrition nutriology 营养学 Physi(o)- nature physiology 生理学 Potenti(o)- potential potentiality 潜在性 Rhythm(o)- rhythm cacorhythmic 节律不齐的 Ser(o)- serum serodiagnosis 血清学诊断 Somn(o/i)- sleep insomnia 失眠 Splen(o)- spleen splenatrophy 脾萎缩 Troph(o)- nutrition trophoblast 滋养层 Histoembryology Preffixes Meaning Examples Cyt(o)- cell cytoanatomy 细胞解剖学 Fibr(o)- fiber fibroblast 成纤维细胞 Hist(o)- tissue histology 组织学 Men(o)- menstruation menopathy 月经病 Lamin(o)- layer laminogram 体层照片 Mit(o)- thread mitochondria 线粒体 Ovari(o)- ovary ovaritis 卵巢炎 Placent(o)- placenta placentitis 胎盘炎 Port(o)- door portography 门静脉造影术 Sarc(o)- flesh sarcoma 肉瘤 Sin(o)- sinus sinoatrial 窦房的 Thec(o)- sheath thecoplasm 鞘质 Kary(o)- nucleus karyochrome 核染色细胞 Cloning and Genes Preffixes Meaning Examples All(o)- other,different allogenic 异源的 Andr(o)- male androgen 雄激素 Chrom(o)- color lysosome 溶酶体 Eu- good eugenics 优生学 Gen(o)- gene genetics 遗传学 Gynec(o)- female gynecology 妇科学 Heter(o)- other,different heteronuclear 异核的 Hom(o)- same homopolymer 同聚体 Iso- equal isomorphous 同形的 Multi- many,much multinuclear 多核的 Ov(o)- egg ovogenesis 卵子发生 Ovari(o)- ovary ovariocentesis 卵巢穿刺术 Poly- many,much polygenic 多基因的 Semin(o)- seed,sperm seminology 精液学 Syn- with,together syngenic 同基因的 Pathyology Preffixes Meaning Examples Aut(o)- self autolysis 自溶 autograft 自体移植 Carcin(o)- cancer carcinoma 癌 carcinogen 致癌物 Fluor(o）- fluorine fluoride 氟化物 flurooscopy 荧光镜检查 Hist(o)- tissue histolysis 组织溶解 histology 组织学 Immun(o)- immune immunity 免疫 immunoassay 免疫测定 Meta- along with metastasis 转移 metaplasia 化生 My(o)- muscle myoatropy 肌萎缩 myocardium 心肌 Myc(o)- fungus mycosis真菌病 erythromycin 红霉素 Necr(o)- dead body necrosis 坏死 necrotic 坏死的 Nucle(o)- nucleus nuclear 核的 nucleoplasm 核质 Olig(o)- few,little oligoclone 寡克隆 oliguria 少尿 Path(o)- illness pathology 病理学 pathogen 致病菌 Poli(o)- grey poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎 polioencephalitis脑灰质炎 Pylor(o)- pylorus pylorospasm 幽门痉挛 pyloric 幽门的 Medication Preffixes Meaning Examples Anti- against antibiotic抗生素 Contr(o)- against controindication禁忌症 Multi- many,muth multicell多细胞体 Nar(o)- numbness nacrosis麻醉 Olig(o)- few,less obligemia血量减少 Pharmoc(o)- drug pharmocology药理学 Toxic(o)- poison toxicology毒理学 Py(o)- pus pyoarthrosis关节积脓 Microbiology Preffixes Meaning Examples A(n)- not,without anemia 贫血 aborticide 堕胎药 Anti- against antigen 抗原 antibody 抗体 Bacilli(o)- bacillus bacillosis 杆菌病bacilluria杆菌尿 Bacteri(o)- bacteria bacterium细菌 bacteriolysin溶菌素 Bi(o)- life biopsy 活检 biocide 杀菌剂 Chromo- pigment cytochrome细胞色素chromosome染色体 Enter(o)- intestine enteritis肠炎 enterococcus肠球菌 Eti(o)- cause etiology病因学 etiotropic 针对病因 Fungi- fungus fungicide 杀真菌剂 fungistasis 制霉菌作用 Gen(o)- gene genome 基因genetics 遗传学 Gluc(o)- glucose glucoprotein糖蛋白 glucocorticoid糖皮质激素 Hepat(o)- liver hepatitis 肝炎 hepatocele 肝突出 Heter(o)- different heterogamete异形配子 heteroimmunity异种免疫 Hom(o)- same homogenic 同体的homograft 同种移植的 Onc(o)- tumor oncogene 致癌基因oncology 肿瘤学 Path(o)- disease pathogen 病原体 pathology 病理学 A survey of medicine Preffixes Meaning Examples Aden(o)- gland adenine 腺嘌呤 adenocarcinoma 腺癌 Aesthesi(o)- feeling aesthetics 美学 anaesthesia 麻醉 Cephal(o)- head cephalosporin头孢菌素megacephaly巨头畸形 Chol(o)- bile choleric 胆汁质的 cholecyst 胆囊 Electr(o)- electron electroencephalogram 脑电图 Nan(o)- millimicro nanometer 纳米 nanodosimetry 超微计量学 Phil(o)- love hemophilus 嗜血杆菌 philosophy 哲学 Steth(o)- chest stethoscope 听诊器 stethoscopy 听诊法 Trans- across transaminase 转氨酶 transcription 转录 Suffixes of medical English Suffixes Meaning Examples -able 能 palpable可触知的 -algia,algesia 痛 odontalgia牙痛 analgesia 痛觉消失 -ant 剂 disinfectant消毒剂 -ase 酶 amylase淀粉酶 -asthenia 衰弱，无力 neurasthenia神经衰弱 myasthenia肌无力 -ate 盐 carbonate碳酸盐 sulfate硫酸盐 -blast 母细胞 fibroblast成纤维母细胞 -cardia 心 bradycardia心动徐缓 -cele 肿物 hydrocele鞘膜积液，水囊肿 -centesis 穿刺术 thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术 -chrom 色素 cytochrome细胞色素 -cide kill germicide 杀菌剂 -clast 破裂 osteoclast破骨细胞 -clone clone monoclone 单克隆 -clysis 灌洗 coloclysis结肠灌洗 -coccus coccus streptococcus 链球菌 -crine 分泌 paracrine旁分泌 -cyst 囊 cholecyst胆囊 -cyte 细胞 granulocyte粒细胞 -derma 皮 erythroderma红皮病 -duplicate double metaredupliccate 中期增值 -dynia 痛 osteodynia骨痛 acrodynia肢痛症 -ectasis 扩张 gastrectasis胃扩张 -ectomy 切除术 appendectomy阑尾切除术 -emia 血症 bacteremia菌血症 -ent 剂 incipient赋形剂 -esthesia 感觉 paresthesia感觉异常 anesthesia麻醉 -fast 耐，抗 acid-fast耐酸的，抗酸的 -form 形 piriform梨状 -fuge 驱除剂 vermifuge驱虫剂 -gamy marriage heterogamy 异配增值 -gen 原 pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原 -geneis 发生，形成 spermatogenesis精子发生 -gony 生殖 gametogony配子生殖 -gram 图，照片 cardiaogram心动图 radiogram放射照片 -graph 扫描器，照片 electrocardiaograph心电图机 -graphy 照相术，描计数 radiography 放射照相术 -ia 病理状态 anoxia 缺氧症 -iasis 病 amebiasis阿米巴病 -ide 化物 iodiode碘化物 -in 剂 insulin 胰岛素 -ism 状态，中毒 metabolism botulism肉毒中毒 -ite 亚……盐 sulfite亚硫酸盐 -itis 炎症 epiphysitis骨骺炎 bronchitis支气管炎 -lepsy seizure epilepsy 癫痫症 -lith 石 nephrolith肾结石 -logy 学 dermatology皮肤病学 -lysis 溶解 histolysis组织溶解 -malacia 软化 osteomalacia骨软化 -megaly 巨大 hepatomegaly肝大 -meter 表，计 sphygnomanometer血压计 -metry 测量法 spirometry肺活量测定法 -mimetic 拟似 cholinomimetic拟胆碱的 -oid 样，类 fibrinoid纤维蛋白样的 lipoid类脂 -oma 瘤 osteoma骨瘤 -opia 眼 asthenopia眼疲劳 -opsy examination autopsy尸体解剖 necropsy 尸体剖检 -ose 糖 sucrose蔗糖 -osis 病态 alkalosis碱中毒 -ostomy 造口术 ventriculoatriostomy脑室心房造口术 -para 产，产妇 primipara初产妇 -paresis slight paralysis hemiparesis 轻偏瘫 -pathy 病 nephropathy肾病 -penia 减少，缺乏 leukopenia白细胞减少 -pexy 固定术 enteropexy肠固定术 -phage one that eats bacteriophage 噬菌体 -phasia speech aphasia 失语症 -phil(e) 嗜好 eosinophile嗜酸性细胞 chromophile易染的 -phobia 恐怖 hydrophobia狂犬病 -phylaxis prevention prophylaxis 疾病预防 -plasia 生长 hyperplasia增生 -plasm 形成物，质 nucleoplasm核质 -plasty 成形术 rhinoplasty鼻成形术 -plegia 瘫痪 paraplegia截瘫 -pnea 呼吸 dyspnea呼吸困难 -poiesis 生成 erythropoiesis红细胞生成 -praxia action apraxia 精神性失用症 -ptosis 下垂 gastroptosis胃下垂 -ptysis 咯出 hemoptysis咯血 -receptor 受体 chemoreceptor 化学受体 -rrhage,rrhagia 喷出，出血 hemorehage gastrorrhagia -rrhaphy 缝术 angiorrhaphy血管缝合术 -rrhea 流 diarrhea腹泻 -rrhexis 破裂 phleborrhexis静脉破裂 -scope 镜 microscope显微镜 -scopy 检查法 celioscopy腹腔镜检查法 -some 小体 chromosome染色体 -stasis 停滞 hemostasis止血 -static 抑制的 carcinostatic 制癌的 -staxis 出血 epistaxis鼻出血 -sthenia strengh neurasthenia 神经衰弱症 -stomy 造口术;吻合术 colostomy jejunocolostomy -thelium thelium epithelium 上皮 -therapy 治疗 radiotherapy放射治疗 -thorax pleural cavity hemothorax 血胸 -tomy 切开术 gastrotomy胃切开术 -tonia 紧张 myotonia肌紧张 -tropic 对……起作用 adrenalotropic 促肾上腺的 -trophy growth hypertrophy肥大 dystrophy营养不良 -uria 尿 hematuria血尿 -zoon,zoa(pl.) 动物 spermatozoon精子 protozoa原虫
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