KRAS是NSCLC中常见的致癌突变,在中国人群中发生率约为9.8%,其中29.5%为KRAS G12C突变,仅次于EGFR突变。此外,KRAS 基因突变与NSCLC对吉非替尼、厄洛替尼等EGFR-TKI靶向治疗药物的原发性耐药有关,也是肺癌患者生存的预后指标之一。
在亚洲人群中:
KRAS G12C突变占2.8%
其他KRAS突变占8.4%
在西方人群中:
KRAS G12C突变占15%。
KRAS G12C突变是最常见的KRAS突变之一,具体指KRAS 12位的甘氨酸突变为半胱氨酸。该突变存在于13%的肺腺癌、3%的结直肠癌、2%的子宫癌和1%的间皮瘤中,胰腺癌、宫颈癌、膀胱癌和胃癌中也有低比例的KRAS G12C突变(<1%)。
一直以来,有效靶向KRAS信号传导都非常困难。主要是因为KRAS蛋白表面除了一个GTP结合口袋,其它部分非常光滑,药物研发人员很难在其表面找到小分子候选药物的结合口袋。
CodeBreak 100 Ⅱ期临床研究结果显示,Sotorasib(AMG 510) 治疗 KRAS 突变 NSCLC 患者的 ORR 为 37.1%, DCR 为 80.6%,中位 PFS 为 6.8 个月[14]。
Adagasib(MRTX849) 在 KRAS G12C 突变的晚期 NSCLC 中也显示良好的抗肿瘤活性,KRYSTAL 01 临床研究结果显示,Adagasib(MRTX849)的 ORR 为 43%,DCR 为 80.0%,中位 PFS 为 6.5 个月,中位 OS 为 12.6 个月[15]。
2022 年 FDA 已批准 Adagasib 上市,用于携带 KRAS G12C 突变的 NSCLC 患者的后线治疗。
Garsorasib(D-1553) 是国内自主研发的 KRAS G12C 抑制剂,Ⅰ期临床研究(NCT05383898) 结果显示,Garsorasib(D-1553) 治疗 KRAS G12C 突变的 NSCLC 患者的 ORR和 DCR 分别为 40.5% 和 91.9%,中位 PFS 为 8.2 个月,中位 DOR 为 7.1 个月[20]。
另一项在国内开展的临床Ⅱ期单臂研究(NCT05005234) 评估了氟泽雷塞(IBI351) 在标准治疗失败或不耐受且携带 KRAS G12C 突变的晚期 NSCLC 中的安全性、耐受性和疗效。结果显示,67 例 NSCLC 疗效可评估人群中,ORR 为 61.2%,DCR 为 92.5%。
2023 年 ASCO 会议公布了 JDQ443 治疗晚期 KRAS G12C 突变实体瘤患者的Ⅰb/Ⅱ期剂量递增研究,纳入 20 例NSCLC 患者,ORR 在所有剂量水平组为 45.0%,在推荐剂量 200mg b.i.d. 组为 57.1%。
JAB-21822是中国药业自主研发的 1 类小分子抗肿瘤药,开发用于治疗 KRAS G12C 突变的晚期实体瘤患者。
⏫ 非小细胞肺癌:Ⅳ期:KRAS G12C
📚参考指南:
- 中国临床肿瘤学会指南工作委员会.中国临床肿瘤学会 (CSCO) 非小细胞肺癌诊疗指南2024.人民卫生出版社.北京 2024
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