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Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzysets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzynature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membershipfunctions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement ofthe basicproblem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, anentirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time withstochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule areconsidered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevantconcepts in xxxand xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given withspecial regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevantresearch related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for amethodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systemsand outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and arguesfor its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLCdecision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background ofthe problem whichincludes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems withand approaches to,natural language understanding. 5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can beexpressed in terms of fuzzy time window 6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzyset theory thatare used in the ... 7. Section 3 describes the system itself ina general way,including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance. 8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx. 9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibilitytheory in the analysis of xx. 10. Section 3 is a fine description offuzzy formulation ofhuman decision. 11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processingof fuzzy decision rules 12. The main idea of the FLC is described inSection 3 whileSection 4 describes the xx strategies. 13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifyingthe proposed model. 14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approachto cost variance investigation. 15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx. 16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzymodel of memory process. 17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication ofthe results of Section 2 and 3. 18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis ofxx and illustrate its use on experimental data. 19. Section 5 presents the primary resultsof the paper: afuzzy set model .. 20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas forfurther work. 21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example. 22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for theirchoice are discussed very briefly in Section 2. 23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expressionof a whole model of human DM system 24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basicassumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy. 25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representationand uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain ofdiscourse is order dense. 26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of anempirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and toconstruct membership functions. 27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process throughthe two kinds ofinference experiments... This Section 1. In this section, the characteristics and environmentunder which MRP is designed are described. 2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies andnotations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results. Next Section 2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes intothe computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements. 3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and inpractical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section. 4. The three components will be described in the next twosection, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate theiruse. 5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II asin the following sections. 6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that isuseful for arguments based on xx Summary 1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future researchconsideration in section 5. 2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation. 3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions ofresearch. 4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of someextensions of the paper. 5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized 6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed andconclusions are drawn. 7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper. Chapter 0. Abstract 1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by thechoice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables. 2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based onfuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures. 3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx. 4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzyrelations. 5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach adecision. 6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed andversatile xx algorithm. 7. The usefulness of xx is also considered. 8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed. 9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem. 10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzymatrices. 11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xxare presented and justified. 12. The use of the method is discussed and an example isgiven. 13. Results of an experimental applications of this xxanalysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique. 14. This paper analyses problems in 15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ... 16. This paper includes an illustration of the ... 17. This paper provides an overview and information usefulfor approaching 18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterionfunction by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated. 19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx 20. Our proposed model is verified through experimentalstudy. 21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples offuzzy phases of: xx, xx 22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xxare likewise represented by linguistic variables. 23. A didactic example is included to illustrate thecomputational procedure Chapter 1. Introduction Time 1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged formintuitive 2. Technological revolutions have recently hit theindustrial world 3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significantimpact on the 4. The development of ... is explored 5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets hasdeveloped in a variety of directions 6.The concept of xx was investigatedquite intensively inrecent years 7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology inaccordance with the advent of ... 8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve... 9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena. 10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standardway of xx 11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improvingthese weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed. 12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965]. 13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect andall are far from ready to be used in commercial systems. Objective / Goal / Purpose 1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined asfollows: 2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the nonexperts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provideintelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx. 3. The paper concerns the development of a xx 4. The scope of this research lies in 5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rulebased decision making. 6. These objectives are to bemet with such thoroughness andconfidence as to permit ... 7. The objectives of the ... operations study are asfollows: 8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of 9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide 10. The main objective of such a ... system is to 11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to constructsuch probability distribution. 12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meetthe following requirements: 13. In order to take advantage of their similarity 14. more research is still required before final goal of ...can be completed 15. In this trial, the objective is to generate... 16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues 17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilizationof a recently developed procedure for the xx. 18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problemsare studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx. 19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches andstrategies for structuring ..methods 20. This illustration points out the need to specify 21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive. 22. Chapter 2. Literature Review 23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statisticsliterature, for example, regarding xx 24. A considerable amount of research has been done ..during the last decade 25. A great number of studies report on the treatment ofuncertainties associated with xx. 26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning 27. However, these studies do not provide much attention touncertainty in xx. 28. Since then, the subject has been extensively exploredand it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications. 29. Many research studies have been carried out on thistopic. 30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention ofsystem analysis. 31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in thedevelopment of 32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield tothis design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated. 33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministicand /or probabilistic in nature. 34. The central issue in all these studies is to 35. The problem of xx has been studied by otherinvestigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches. 36. Applied ... techniques to 37. Characterized the ... system as 38. Developed an algorithm to 39. Developed a system called ... which 40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce 41. Emphasized the need to 42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology 43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken 44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed 45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/ Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights 46. Point out that the problem of 47. A study on ...was done / developed by [] 48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with 49. The approach taken by [] is 50. The system developed by [] consists 51. A paper relevant to this research was published by [] 52. []'s model requires consideration of... 53. []' model draws attention to evolution in humandevelopment 54. []'s model focuses on... 55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to 56. The published information that is relevant to thisresearch... 57. This study further shows that 58. Their work is based on the principle of 59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979]. 60. Studies have been completed to established 61. The ...studies indicated that 62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx hasproliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking. Problem / Issue / Question 63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such asmanufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to spanbroad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects. 64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems 67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequatelyresolved 68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed 69. An unanswered question 70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain asolution. 71. An additional research issue to be tackled is .... 72. Some important issues in developing a ... system arediscussed 73. The three prime issues can be summarized: 74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determinethe ... 75. There have been many attempts to 76. It is expected to be serious barrier to 77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for acomplex problem. 1. There are several ways to get around this problem. 2. As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new. 3. The problem is to recognize xx from a designrepresentation. 4. A xx problem can trace its roots to xx. 5. xx [1987] used a heuristic approach tosimplify thecomplexity of the problem. 6. Several problems are associated with them. 7. Although some progress has been made in this area, atleast two major obstacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized. 8. Most problems in practice are complicated 9. More problem surface here. 10. Hamper effort toward a xx system 11. In order to overcome the limitations due to incompleteand imprecise xx knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge uponthe statistical analysis of a sample population of xx 12. The above difficulties are real challenges faced byresearchers attempting to develop 13. This type of mapping raises no controversy to the issueof membership function determination. 14. However, attempts to quantify the xx have met boththeoretical and empirical problems. 15. It has become apparent that in order to apply this newmethodological framework to real world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the problemsof xx and xx. Chapter 3. Proposed methodology Assumption 1. In the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be toorestrictive or inadequate, the formulation with Fuzzy termination time, i.e. given by afuzzy set in the space of control stages, may be applied. 2. We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be statedependent, and the fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from theproblem's nature. 3. An approach to the solution of this problem is presentedunder the assumption that the sampling rate Decision can be made prior to the execution of theexperiment, as opposed to being made while the experiment is in progress. 4. Another assumption made above is that there are preciseodds at which the expert is indifferent. 5. Main simplifying assumptions are: 6. This, in our view, is a questionable assumption. Outline / Structure / Module 1. An outline of the research 2. Information is incorporated within the scheme 3. Is built into ... structure 4. A nice modular structure. 5. The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteria Classification 1. A xx system comprises three main components: 2. Must decompose the original .. into a set of .. 3. Consists of the following steps: 4. This is summarized in the following steps: 5. Can be broadly classified into the following areas: l Can be characterized by its function of effectivelyprocessing the l Can allow further breadth of application of ...into more l The following steps should be followed l xx can be classified by a different ways. l Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following: l This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, andpurchasing. System l Unlike many conventional program, expert systems do notusually deal wit h problem for which there is clearly a right or wronganswer. l The system consists of both ... and ... l The system has a hierarchical modular architectureorganized on three levels. l expert system domains are area of expertise l To develop a xx system for xx, the following factors mustbe considered: l The system has been developed / designed to determine l The system has proven to be able to l The domain in which an expert system operates is aparticular domain l The system comprises a ... with l The system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ...technique l The system environment must be relatively stable l The system is utilized to generate, load, store, updateand retrieve ... l The development of a xx system has two stages: xx stageand xx stage. l The most essential part of .. system is the ... l The successful developments in ESs have made them animportant tool in the development of l An automated system was developed for l In this case, the system can be considered to begenerative. l An interactive automatic ... system l A .. is commonly thought of as a truly integrated ..system l Should be capable of being generated from a ... system l xx is an important part of the integrated system. l The model consists of four rule bases, each of whichaddresses a separate problem in the hierarchy of scheduling decision. l The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin likemanner in the sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antecedent of thenext rule base. l The rule base consists of all possible combinations of thelinguistic terms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule. Computer System l The system has been implemented using Prolog language inan MS DOS environment. Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environmentin which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented. l The current version of the xx program when compiled withWATFOR77 result s in an executable code of about 270K bytes. Typical runtime, when run on a XX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77Mhz with 640K RAM, ranges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of theproblem. l Time consuming procedures have been implemented in Clanguage and directly linked to the Prolog environment. l The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered,requires approximately 180 seconds. l It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20Hhz, 80386 209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math coprocessor. l The computer programs used for the analyses, one based onthe xx method and the other based on the new method, were written in FORTRAN with a compilerthat supports the math co processor. l Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizesdevelopment time. l Internal representation is the way a model is representedin the computer. l An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this study l Shell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairlysevere limitations. l While there is no measurable saving of time for the caseinvolving five criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- thecomputation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min. l This combination is being implemented in an objectedoriented programming environment (Smalltalk 80 system) to solve problems encountered inconstruction xxx. Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation/Algorithm / Rule / Formula / Technique l A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system l To improve the efficiency of the method, the followingapproach may be applied. l In order to an investigation was made to find the causesof the l Although large collections of rules and equations havebeen complied, none are generally accepted l This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly inthe body of the report. l This can be accomplished by l This algorithm to compute the total cost can be describedstep by step as follows: l The above preliminary analysis has provided importantinformation l Various methods have been proposed for selecting anoptimum... l These concepts have been applied to l On the basis of the concept mentioned above, l This can be achieved by l This fact suggests that a new concept l This was accomplished by taking ... l The preparatory stage is very time consuming process. l Test are performed for validity, completeness, andcompatibility l There is little hope of achieving successful ... l There has been an increasing awareness of the potential ofusing most ..so far made have not taken this approach, with the exception of l Only a few studies can be found. l It is a very tedious process to go through l It is only when .. has been completed that .. may beeffected l The entire interpretation process is conducted in one'shead. l These approaches are sometimes very tedious. l Several techniques can be used l A polynomial parametric model can bewritten as [thefollowing]/[follows]: l A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx. l A xx model represents an xx by its xx. l A process decision model captures the logic essential to l From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation ofxx times the ... l The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler'sformula. l Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether... or ... l Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in thesystem. l A number of heuristic rules have been developed for l Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... sothat l An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used todetermine l Euler's formula states the following: l The completed model should agree with the formula. l For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise modelof the object is necessary l Engineering design models are very well defined;therefore, l To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yetwide enough to be useful. Point of View l from an implementation standpoint, l From the point of view of this application, l From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rulenamed xxx (CRI for short). l Information is the meaningful interpretation andcorrelation of some aggregation of data in order to allow one to make decisions. l From a practical point of view, the computational aspectsof an FLC require a simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm. l The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partlyeffective, tends to distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AIImplications for CIM p.129] Justification l We choose the so called xx in our experiment because ithas received wide acceptance and can l Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known andflexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented. l The rationale behind this is that it can be much easierfor an estimator to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimate. l This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy controlapplications since it is natural and easy to implement. l A function definition expresses the membership function ofa fuzzy set in a functional form, typically a bell shaped function, etc. Such functions areused in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the use of fuzzy arithmetic. l It should be noted that in our daily life most of theinformation on which our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature. Seen inthis perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the characterization ofhuman behavior and decisions analysis. l Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide aconvenient way to express their domain knowledge. This explains why most FLCs are based onthe knowledge and experience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "ifthe" rule. Chapter 4. Examples Example/ Data l The data used in the following example was taken from anexperiment in which xx was measured between x and x using a xx technique. l The data consists ofover xx measurements. l An example of xx is discussed and the control rules of xxare compared with a xx l Examples of complex processes to which this technique maybe applied are xx, xx, etc. l The following example is constructed only for the purposeof illustrating the computational procedure discussed. l This example clearly demonstrates that the profile of anindividual xx, or a very small group of xx, with no enough data to be studied statistically, can bemeaningfully analyzed by fuzzy possibilistic methods. l There is no space here to go into detail on all thesemethods, but deserve a mention and the bibliography will point to detailed references for thosewishing this level of detail. l Note that the golf ball spotting example is usedthroughout the paper. Comparisons l As well, the pros and cons of these representations from aprocess planning point of view will be discussed. l The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh(1973) appeared more suitable l As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously], Relation l We can not invert F' directly because it defines amany-to-one mapping. l The relationships appear very complicate l Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationshipbetween the task variables and the human operator's characteristics. l These methods are based on the relationship between ...and ... l The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is thatwe can establish a relationship among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modifythese relationships. l This article will thus mention the latter as well as theformer. l The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesianproduct. Importance l The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approachto rule based decision making. Consideration / Attention l Careful evaluation is necessary to ensure l Such a formulation does not change further considerations. l Considerable attention has been paid to l Attention should be paid to an important finding of thisinvestigation. l Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ... l Primary consideration is given to ... components, thoughothers can be accommodated l After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis iscarried out/performed to determine l A number of factors such as ...need to be taken intoconsideration before making the appropriate decision. l It should be noted that l It is important to point out that ... l These considerations have heightened interest in thepossibility of providing ... l We should stress the fundamental importance of the xx Chapter 5. Results. Advantages / Disadvantage l One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx isthat it can be applied to the experimental study of l One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it. l The xx system is versatile l It has a very fast decision making process l All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations. l It can be easily and without additional cost implementedin a microprocessor based environment. l It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch. l The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following: l However, xx is not without its shortcomings. l In most cases, the xxx shows animprovement over theexisting xxx. l Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx aregenerally reduced by 5% to 9%. l The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to9%. l Most of the existing works based on xx approach can onlyrecognize a xx . l Most of the above methods are computational expansive andlimited to xx. l Some other advantages of xx are the following: l The problem is the limitation of this method to a limiteddomain of parts. l It proved limited in application because it demandedprecision in system modeling that was impossible in practice. l There are advantages to be gained in the structuring ofcosts and benefits, the use of xx, l The disadvantages of this method are alsodisadvantages ofconventional xx approaches. l This combines the best features of both techniques l Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework offor developing a xx platform, and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledgemanagement activities in virtual communities. Results l An improvement on the result shown above can be made bybased on the data provided l Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of thisreview l Based on the information contained in this l The result can be categorized into nine classes l The results are illustrated by an example l The experimental results for each xx time are reported inTable 2. l From the results obtained so far, it seem that l Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannotbe drawn as l Although much effort has been made to., this reality isfar from completion. l The results indicate that the total benefits are higherthan the total costs. l Their results may then serve as guidelines for lower levelmodels, less fuzzy and more detailed. Chapter 6. Conclusion l From the discussion, one may conclude that ... l Form the above discussion, the conclusion can be reachedthat l The conclusions drawn are also valid l In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problemof xx lies not only in... l We have attempted to introduce some concepts associatedwith a theory of xx based on fuzzy sets. l Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in thisarea l A fuzzy set procedure is proposed to solve xx selectionproblems interwoven with imprecise data l Employing the compositional rule of inference, theassessment of the xx compatibility in achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of thehierarchy is made possible. l This paper has presented a theoretical and experimentalstudy of the xx process and xx concept. l The experimental research results will hopefully serve asuseful feedback information for improvements for xx work. l The scope of this contribution was to introduce a xxmethod. l In general, fuzzy sets theory provides an alternativefoundation for xx analysis in a fuzzy environment. Future Research l Thus, first extension of the approach could be, l Present some cues for a further approach from Fuzzy SetsTheory application to l Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the modelmay be brought through additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation ofthe scheduling activity. Tables and Figures l Figure 7-1 sketches these relationships. l The graphical representation of these functions is shownin Figure 1. l The xx may be depicted as in Figure 1. l Figure x shows the schematic diagram of the l Figure 1 though 2 provide a ... that l the architecture of this expert system for .... isillustrated in Figure 2. l Figure 2 gives the outline of an ... system l Table shows the l as shown in Table 1 and 2 l This concept is illustrated in Figure 2 l At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data. l Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as rowheadings, xx through xx as column headings. l A table of .. is developed and significant recommendationsare made. CONJUGATION To Indicate Addition l additionally, again, also, and then, as can be easilyunderstood, besides, equally important, especially, finally, for the same reason, first, further,furthermore, in addition, last, likewise, moreover, next, second, third, too, evidently, obviously,roughly speaking, broadly speaking To Indicate Cause and Effect l accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason,hence, in short, otherwise, then, therefore, thus, truly To indicate Comparison l in a like manner, likewise, similarly , alternatively To Indicate Concession l after all, although this may be true, at the same time,even though, even so , I admit, naturally, of course To Indicate Contrast l and yet, at the same time, but, for all that, however,yet, in fact, in contrast, in the real life, in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, normally, on thecontrary, on the other hand, still, traditionally, rather, unfortunately, To Indicate Time Relationships： after a short time, afterwards, as indicated earlier, aslong as, as soonas, at last, at length, at the moment, at that time, at the same time, before, earlier,currently, immediately, in the meantime, in recent years, lately, later, meanwhile, often, of late,presently, recently, soon, shortly, since, thereupon, temporarily, therefore, until, when, while To Indicate Special Features or Examples： for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, inother words, in particular, in practice, specifically, that is, to illustrate, in this respect,theoretically, as mentioned before / above To Indicate Summary： in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole,to conclude , in general, to summarize, to sum up, as a result,ultimately, VERB PHASE l build a .. model l build up the key link l began a new era in ... l can be regarded as / achieved / used to/for / found /obtained through l can result in l carries out ... tasks l production information in order to simultaneously l contains all information necessary to describe l do not make use of production information l deals with l end with failure l fetch the information from the model directly l has great potential / yet to be resolved / spurred thedevelopment of / been recognized as l BE aimed at / built up / carried out by / essentiallyconcerned with / considered to be the key technology / associated with each feature of a compo site component / cable of / currently implemented for /demonstrated by an example / finally reached / made equal to / equivalentto / more suitable to /oriented to / interpreted as / pointed out / potentially of great benefit in the complex task of /shown in / used to effectively guide the search l makes use of l make up l meets the needs of real life production,/ the currentdemands placed upon it l must be justified l point out l play an important role l relates to l rely on l satisfy the needs l determine the total requirements for the ... l uses ... as a key to search for... l without relying on l will be available/ performed/ overlooked NOUN PHASE l a basic technical function of l a critical need l a key / principle feature of l a substantial impact on l an intensive review was conducted l an increasing need for expanding the application of .... l an important component / function / aspect / issue l each rule is numbered in sequence l each of these involves l for this calculation, it is necessary to define l in the physical environment / integration of l in the reality of situations where … l many aspects of l most past efforts have been spent on ... l common sense to a well studied and documented technicalfield. l sources of additional information on ... are listed l systematic and rationally structured format l the basis on which a range of ...operations can beestablished is shown l THE basic philosophy / principles of / key element /general hypothesis / candidate list of / concept of ... has attracted wide interest / function isconcerned with / heart / impact / nature / role / task of / kernel functions l the number of parts needed to l the above statement means that l the output data is passed to l the proposed method / underlying principle l the recommendations made in this report, if implemented,should l this information resides in l this process is composedof ... different ... operation l along with the use of l concerning general aspects of l due to l for later use in generating..., l in turn, l IT IS believed / noted / assumed / suggested / shown /quite evident / appears / implies that / intended for / of no important to l it can be claimed/concluded that l it demonstrates the decisions required of l it also provides information to .. l it becomes essential to l let ... be the probability that l once... is written, it is compiled into... l suppose it is observed that l this is because l this results in a l upon completion of the ... analysis, l when the knowledge is of mathematics or quantum physics,it will also be recorded in books and papers l selection of rules for using the tools, for generatingoperation plans, is another matter of preference,since practice variesgreatly. l for the sake of convenience l correct decision to be reach l keeping the number of rules to a minimum. l a good process plan will result exhibiting severalcharacteristics: l practical solutions l because of rather small job lot sizes l Backward reasoning can be used to answer the question"should milling tool be select" different level of knowledge in the realm of processplanning The tissue was then chopped into small pieces。组织剪碎 Human tissue was obtained Human tissue was obtained with appropriate Hospital EthicalCommittee approval The solution wasfreshly prepared before use, Calcium is a universal and important ion that plays an obligatoryrole in the regulation of a number of cellular processes. Calcium plays a determinant role in the generation ofpro-inflammatory responses Since calcium played an important role in our experiments the effects thereof on immunity to and survival ofmycobacteria These observations may in part be related to hypovitaminosisD None of the patients had taken a vitamin D supplement. Thecontrol group comprised 25 male and 16 female patients with chronic obstructivepul- As was pointed out by….. Attempts were made to determine their under-lying mechanismof action, and an explanation was Sought for answering why there are so many different PEPGRSproteins in M. tuberculosis. In the light of these observations, a role for Ca2+-bindingPEPGRS proteins could be envisaged as follows.
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